عصاره‌گیری و رنگرزی الیاف پشم با رنگزای پوست گردو به‌کمک امواج فراصوت

Today, much research is conducted on the use of new methods of dyeing textiles, all of which are trying to select an appropriate method of reducing the usage of energy and chemicals in a way to produce cost-effective products with an acceptable uniformity. One of these methods is the use of ultrasonic waves. Since the dyestuff is extremely limited by the plant cell membrane, extraction methods such as ultrasonic ones can better improve the mechanism of extracting natural dyes and dyestuff out of cell membranes and also improve the transfer of dyestuff onto fibers’ dyeing process in order to  assist in conservation of natural resources, The aim of this study is to use ultrasonic waves in the extraction of dyestuff of walnut shell and to dye wool fibers with the extract. Favorable results are obtained compared to conventional screw. By calculating the absorption efficiency with conventional ultrasound method, it was concluded that the use of ultrasonic waves can increase the concentration of the dye in solution more than the conventional method and by increasing the concentration of the dye in both methods, this factor is increased. According to the findings, it is concluded that ultrasonic extraction method is more efficient than the usual one. To investigate the effects of ultrasonic method in the dyeing process, the productivity of ultrasonic method in dyeing was calculated in relation to conventional method in two modes of (UU) and (UC). The productivity of (UU) in relation to (UC) was % 13/77.   Various mechanical aspects are included to achieve the positive effect of the use of ultrasonic waves in dyeing process such as degassing of fiber, stimulation of dyeing solution, rapid spread of dyestuff on fiber and breaking the gathering of dyeing molecules. These cause a higher influence of the dyestuff in the fibers and a sheer deep dye. Measurement of stabled samples results show that the stability of the samples in both ultrasonic and conventional methods, has been fair to good. The results of the SEM analysis clearly presents this conclusion. Creating a kind of surface erosion and degradation scales, which led to greater influence and power of color dye into the fiber, increases the effects of cavitation. They are considered to be seen in the SEM images.